Suphanburi is an old city. In the era of Ankorian king Jayavarman VII, an inscription called Prasat Phra Khan mentions the name of Suvarnapura. Later Suphanburi became an important city of Ayutthaya kingdom. According to Chinese Annals called "Da Ming Shi Lu", Nakharinthathirat (Intharatcha or Nakhon In), before ascending the throne of Ayutthaya, was a ruler of Suphanburi and tribute was made to the Chinese Emperor Su Men Bang Wang. Later in the 16th century, Suphanuri became a battlefield of King Naresuan and Burmese crown prince.
This area was the centre of Mueang Suphanburi. When the government created a district, it was called Wihan Daeng. Later the district name was changed to Tha Phi Liang. In 1939 the district name was changed to be Mueang Suphanburi to correspond with the provincial name.
Neighbouring districts are (from the south clockwise) Bang Pla Ma, U Thong, Don Chedi, Si Prachan of Suphan Buri province, Wiset Chai Chan of Ang Thong province and Phak Hai of Ayutthaya Province. The main water resource of the district is the Tha Chin or Suphan river.

Source: Wikipedia